Consider the same pedigree from
the perspective of a cultural/social anthropologist? Given the same
choice of topics/questions, what do you think might most interest a
cultural/social anthropologist? (click all that apply)
答：What kinds of
interactions (e.g. frequency, duration) characterize these relationships
What kinship terms define the relationships presented?
What relationships
are most important?
Is this "normal?" In what context is that term
defined?
What are the ages of the individuals listed?
How did conversations
differ between sub-groups of individuals?
Are there typical exchanges of
gifts or objects between the individuals listed?
Deforestation and habitat destruction have reduced the available habitat
for a South American primate species. As a result, the population has
been reduced from a historical size numbering in the 1000s, to a few
hundred individuals over the past two decades.
In this situation, which of
the evolutionary forces is likely to have a significantly increased
effect?
答：Genetic drift
The monkeys within a provincial park have had their diet disrupted by
exposure to human tourist food trash. This change in their environment
makes it more likely mutations allowing for digestion of human food waste
will occur within the population
正确答案：False
Which of the following is not analagous to the process of genetic drift?
答：A preference for a particular color of candy, leading to that color
disappearing first
The per nucleotide base, per generation mutation rate in humans is quite
small (~1.1-2.5 x 10-8). Because of this, the evolutionary effects of
mutation are minimal.
答：False
An increase in gene flow associated with this change is likely to have
what effect on the two populations?
答：Make them more similar to one another
Which, if any, of the following evolutionary forces might prevent a
population from reaching its theoretical fitness peak? 答：Mutation Gene
Flow
Natural selection can create new variation in a species.
答：False
Natural selection acts on phenotypes. Phenotype might be viewed as the
expression of ____________ via _____________ .
答：genotype, development
The below illustration from On the Origin of Species illustrates which
of the following important evolutionary properties (click all that
apply)?
答：Variation
Extinction
Common descent
Descent with modification
The three critical components to evolution are:
答：Heritable change, Trans-generational time length, Population focus
True or False. All members of tribe Hominini are necessarily members of
the family Hominidae
答：True
雨课堂: True or false: All members of the subtribe Hominini look more
similar to each other than they do to members of related subtribes (such
as Gorillini).
答：False
Humans share a common ancestor with which of the following groups?
答：
Lemurs
Lorises
Tarsiers
New world monkeys
Old world monkeys
Greater apes
Lesser
apes
True or false: Natural selection makes populations more "fit" in an
evolutionary sense, it does not perfect them.
True or false: Natural selection chooses evolutionary winners.
Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the concept of
evolution?
正确答案：Adaptations are traits that are frequent in a population
because of the fitness advantages they provide
The Hardy-Weiberg Theorem provides a model for what?
答：Evolutionary inaction
雨课堂: True or false: Natural selection is always opposed to genetic
drift.
答：False
Which of the following statements is most accurate? ( )
答：
You make better career decisions if you match your interests to
specific career requirements.
In order to begin thinking about biological variation in the fossil
record, we need to consider what patterns of variation look like in the
natural world. To begin this process, we will catalogue some of the basic
variation in our class. Given the 1000s of students enrolled in this
course, this should actually be a fairly rich picture of human variation.
As a reminder, all of these data are anonymous and will not be linked
back to you (even me).
How old are you?
60
The facial skeleton of primates is referred to as the _________.
答：
Splanchocranium
What is the characteristic difference between male and female
individuals called?
答：Sexual dimorphism
Which of the following sets of anatomical features do humans and great
apes share in common?
答：Number and kind of teeth, temporalis muscle
Humans have externally visible displays of oestrus, true or false?
答：
False
Which of the features found in the above male gorilla skull is absent
from human crania?
答：Sagittal crest
The larger cranial capacity seen in human crania, relative to those of
other primates, is achieved, in part, by a vertical expansion and
lengthening of what cranial bone?
答：Frontal
Humans have a relatively flat, vertical face. Primates and many fossil
hominins, in contrast, have a more projecting face. The term used to
describe this facial projection is what?
答：Prognathism
The red dot in the image above marks what feature found in most apes, but
absent in humans?
答：Diastema
Identify the correct dental formula (the number of incisors, canines,
premolars, and molars typically present in each quadrant of the jaw)
present in all Anthropoid primates (including humans
答：2:1:2:3
Based on the images above, the largest tooth in the human maxilla is the
_____________, whereas the largest tooth in chimpanzee maxilla is
______________.
答：first molar, canine
Which bone shows the most expansion in the dorsal/ventral plane in
humans, relative to chimpanzees?
答：llium
If you imagine the above os coxae scaled to the same size relative to the
acetabulum, which pelvis is more elongated in the superior/inferior plane
答：Chimpanzee
This is an image of the bony human birth canal, viewed from an inferior
angle. Which elements of the pelvis contribute to the size and shape of
the birth canal?
答：Ischium
Ilium
Pubis
Sacrum
Answer the questions below using this diagram of a human (left) and
chimpanzee (right) hindlimb--femur and tibia.
答：Medial (towards the midline)
Posterior (behind the body)
In addition to the femoral differences, the chimpanzee tibia is notably
curved, or flexed, relative to the human tibia. Why do you think this is
the case?
答：Chimpanzees load their tibia in more locomotor postures
As a final exercise for this lab, consider the human (left) and gorilla
(right) skeleton below (NOTE: these drawins are not to scale
答：Humans
The ratio of arm length to leg length in humans is __________ than that
observed in the gorilla skeleton.
答：Lesser
In contrast to apes, humans have an __________ big toe (hallux).
答：
Adducted
Which kind of reproductive systems do we observe in primates (click all
that apply)?
答：Monogamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
Polygynandry
True or False: Humans have a widely divergent pattern of growth compared
to other primates
答案：错
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